Abstract

背景与目的间质性肺病(interstitial lung disease, ILD)是一组主要累及肺间质和肺泡腔导致肺泡-毛细血管功能单位丧失的弥漫性肺疾病, 常导致限制性通气功能障碍和弥散功能障碍。ILD基础上肺癌发病率增高, 肺癌合并间质性肺病(lung cancer combined with ILD, LC-ILD)的手术风险明显增加。本研究旨在探讨LC-ILD外科治疗的安全性, 总结围术期诊治经验。方法回顾性分析2012年1月-2019年12月北京医院胸外科收治的LC-ILD行肺切除术的患者资料, 总结其临床表现、影像、病理、手术安全性、围术期并发症和诊治经验。结果本研究共纳入23例患者, 男性20例(87.0%), 平均年龄(69.1±7.8)岁, 吸烟者19例(82.6%)。ILD类型包括特发性肺纤维化14例(60.9%)、特发性非特异性间质性肺炎7例(30.4%)、结缔组织病相关ILD 2例(8.7%)。肺癌病理包括腺癌7例(30.4%)、小细胞癌7例(30.4%)、鳞癌6例(26.1%)、小细胞癌混合鳞癌1例(4.3%)、大细胞癌2例(8.7%)。手术入路包括经电视胸腔镜16例(69.6%)和前外侧开胸7例(30.4%), 切除方式包括肺叶切除13例(56.5%)、双肺叶切除1例(4.3%)和亚肺叶切除9例(39.1%)。术后90 d并发症11例(47.8%), 其中肺部并发症8例(34.8%), ILD急性加重(acute exacerbation of ILD, AE-ILD)4例(17.4%), 心房纤颤6例(26.1%), 急性左心功能不全1例(4.3%)。术后90 d死亡2例(8.7%), 死因均为AE-ILD。结论LC-ILD以合并症多、肺功能差的高龄患者居多, 手术风险明显增高。术前应充分控制ILD病情, 术中尽量降低手术创伤, 术后应特别关注肺部并发症和AE-ILD。AE-ILD预后差, 治疗难度大, 糖皮质激素有助于改善病情, 早诊早治是治疗关键。

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