Surgical Treatment of Laryngeal Carcinoma

Abstract

Theoretical basis: The treatment of laryngeal carcinoma is associated with various operative interventions depending on the distribution of the tumor process. The Aim of the study is to characterize the advantages and disadvantages of various surgical techniques used in the treatment of laryngeal carcinoma. Results: Any surgical procedure that preserves physiological speech and swallowing function without the need for a permanent tracheostomy is defined as organ preservative laryngeal surgery. Open techniques in early laryngeal carcinoma are divided into: vertical partial laryngectomy (frontal-lateral resection) – classically it includes a vertical incision of the thyroid cartilage. The aim is to resect the tumor at the glottic level with part of the thyroid cartilage; supraglottic laryngectomy – is best applied in T1 and T2 supraglottic lesions; supracricoid laryngectomy – is based on the concept that the main functional unit of the larynx is the cricoarytenoid complex, preservation of which is essential for the success of the operation; laser excision of early laryngeal carcinoma. Treatment of advanced carcinoma of the larynx is total laryngectomy with or without dissection cervical lymph nodes. Conclusion: The selection of the appropriate type of surgical intervention that correlates with the spread of the carcinoma is of extreme importance for the outcome of the treatment.