Abstract
Objective: Endoscopic adrenalectomy represents the ‘New Golden Standard’ in the surgical treatment of benign adrenal lesions up to 6 cm. Open adrenalectomy is recommended for patients with suspected malignant disease and tumors larger than 6 cm. Methods and material: The surgical technique of trans- and retroperitoneal adrenalectomy is described. Reviewing literature the importance of the endoscopic approach and its role in the surgical treatment of adrenal lesions is analyzed. Results: As in open adrenalectomy different endoscopic approaches to the adrenals were developed: adrenal tumors can be removed endoscopically using a transperitoneal (patient in a supine or lateral decubitus position) or extraperitoneal route (patient in a lateral decubitus or prone position). Reviewing literature the endoscopic transperitoneal adrenalectomy is documented in 1425 patients. 4.6% (66 patients) had to be converted to an open procedure. Five hundred and forty-four tumors were removed by an extraperitoneal access. The conversion rate was 4.4% (24 patients). Conclusion: The basis of excellent results are careful patient selection, evaluation and preoperative preparation in a center with experience in the open techniques and at least 20 endoscopic adrenalectomies per year.
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