Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Surgical site (SSI) infections are important cause of morbidity and mortality in admitted patients worldwide. The objective is to determine the incidence of surgical site infection in General Surgical ward of tertiary care hospital.
 METHODOLOGY: Analytical cross-sectional study conducted at Department of General Surgery, Bolan Medical College/ Post-Graduate Medical Institute Quetta (PGMI) for a period of one year from 1st August 2019 to 31st July 2020. Descriptive statistics were used to present social economics, factors related to surgery and surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis received. Chi square test was used for checking association between infections and different factors keeping p≤ 0.05 as significant.
 RESULTS: A total of 1500 patients underwent surgery, of which 500 (33.33%) patients were operated as elective cases and 1000 (66.66%) cases as emergency. Out of total 600 (40%) patients developed Surgical Site Infection (SSI). Risk associated with higher incidence of SSI was found to be age (30-45 years) and Diabetes mellitus (uncontrolled diabetes in perioperative period). Postoperatively obesity was noted to be having significant effect with p=0.002, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score having p-value 0.045, hospital stay with p<0.001 and surgical type and previous surgical history with p<0.001, were as duration of surgery was having <0.001.
 CONCLUSION: Prevention of SSI’s requires a multipronged approach with emphasis on optimizing preoperative issues, adhering to strict protocols during the intraoperative period and addressing and optimizing metabolic and nutritional status in post-operative period.
Highlights
Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) is a subject in which the great concerns of healthcare services are involved
Mortality rate of tertiary peritonitis is about 3063% and it usually occurs in the ICU setting while dealing with secondary peritonitis for 48-72h
Mean age of patients was 31.98±10.55 years. 325 patients were lying in age group of 5-15 years, 549 patients were lying in age group of 16-30 years, 398 patients were lying in age group of 31-45 years and 228 patients were lying in age group of >45 year
Summary
Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) is a subject in which the great concerns of healthcare services are involved. Surgical site infections (SSI) are seen in the surgical procedures and is the most important among the topographies of HAIs[1].Against the bacterial infections of internal organ, skin plays a key role as a barrier. The main cause of SSI is the bacteria present on the skin all the time and the complexities of surgical procedures[3]. According to the range from low to high clinical significance, SSI involves different inflammatory responses[4], with surgery of abdomen being a typical example related to the increase mortality and morbidity[5]. Surgical site infections (SSI) are important cause of morbidity and mortality in admitted patients worldwide. The objective is to determine the incidence of surgical site infection in General Surgical ward of a tertiary care hospital
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