Surgical outcomes in aggressive retinopathy of prematurity (AROP)-related retinal detachments.

Abstract

Aggressive retinopathy of prematurity (AROP) is a severe and progressive variant of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) rapidly forming fibrous tissue extending from the disc toward the posterior lens surface progressing to Stage 5 disease without traversing the classical course that includes Stages 1 to 3. Since AROP behaves differently from type 1 ROP, this study was undertaken to evaluate the surgical outcome of AROP-related detachments. Retrospective analysis of data from electronic medical records of babies diagnosed with AROP-related detachments who underwent micro-incision vitrectomy surgery (MIVS) was included. The demographic data, details of primary intervention (laser and/or intravitreal bevacizumab), and surgery were noted. In a subset of patients, surgical intervention was planned early at the onset of fibrovascular tissue. 43 eyes of 26 babies with median birth weight 1175 g and median gestational age of 29 weeks were analyzed. 42/43 eyes underwent primary intervention in form of laser and/or anti-VEGF injection before surgery. 41.8%, 25.5%, and 32.5% eyes progressed to stages 4A, 4B, and 5, respectively, requiring surgical intervention. 66% eyes underwent lensectomy and vitrectomy (LV), and 44% eyes underwent lens sparring vitrectomy (LSV). 58% eyes had attached macula. 44% eyes that had a relatively less vascular diseases had better anatomical outcome (P = 0.019). At final follow-up, 53.4% eyes followed or at least had light fixation, and 77.7% eyes undergoing LSV fixated and/or followed light compared to 33% for LV (P = 0.04). Challenges in AROP include rapid progression to advanced stages of ROP requiring close monitoring and multiple interventions. Surgeries for AROP have a favorable anatomical and functional outcome in 58% and 53%, respectively. Eyes undergoing lens sparing vitrectomy had better visual outcomes.