Surgical Margin and Recurrence After Resection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Cirrhosis

Abstract

This report attempts to elucidate the manner in which the surgical margin is linked to a recurrence after curative hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with cirrhosis. Forty patients were divided into two groups: those in whom the margin from the cut surface to HCC in the fresh resected specimen was less than 10 mm wide, and patients in whom the surgical margin was equal to or exceeded 10 mm. These margins were expressed as tumor wedge positive [TW(+)], and tumor wedge negative [TW(-)], respectively. There were 24 and 16 patients in the TW(+) and TW(-) groups, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in clinicopathologic variables, except for age and values of serum albumin between the two groups. There was a recurrence in ten of 24 patients (42%) of the TW(+) group and in eight of 16 patients (50%) of the TW(-) group. Mean disease-free periods were 21.4 months in the TW(+) group and 23.6 months in TW(-) group. These 40 patients were also divided with regard to the time of recurrence, the early recurrence within 24 months, and the late recurrence after 24 months. There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of recurrence and mean disease-free period between the TW(+) and TW(-) groups in the early and late recurrence groups. In both the TW(+) and TW(-) groups, there were no recurrences in 13 of 16 patients (81.3%) with a tumor less than 4 cm in diameter, yet there were recurrences in seven of eight patients (87.5%) with a tumor exceeding 4 cm in diameter, regardless of the time to recurrence. These results suggest that in patients with a tumor less than 4 cm, the extent of TW is not linked to an early recurrence. However, when the tumor size exceeds 4 cm, 10 mm of TW is inadequate to achieve curability. When a wide resection is not feasible, then adjuvant chemotherapy should be aggressive.