Surgical Management of Patients with Snakebite-Related Musculoskeletal Complication-A Single Institution Experience in Cambodia.

Abstract

Snakebite-related injury is a serious public health issue. In Cambodia, it is estimated that up to 21,500 cases of envenoming occurs from snakebites annually. Musculoskeletal disability is a major long-term complication associated with the injury. In this study, we aim to describe surgical management and rehabilitation in snakebite-related musculoskeletal injuries at Children's Surgical Centre, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. We conducted a retrospective case series analysis of patients with snakebite-related injury who were treated between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2018. Surgical patients were divided into the early and late presenting groups (= < one year vs. > one year, respectively) based on their time interval from snake bite to time of presentation. There were 88 patients who presented with snakebite-related musculoskeletal injury during the cohort study period. Majority of them were male (n = 62, 71%) and had a median age of 24years old (IQR 17-44). The injuries were all in the upper and lower limbs though lower limb injury was more common in female patients (81% vs. 48%, Fisher's test p = 0.005). The median time interval from snakebite to time of treatment was 3years (IQR 3months-11years). In this study, 65 patients received surgical interventions. An ulcerated wound was the most common symptom among the early presenting group (78% vs. 24%), while scar contracture was most common among the late group (76% vs. 22%) (Fisher's test p < 0.0001). For management, surgical debridement was the most common primary intervention for the early group (52% vs. 19%), and contracture release was the most common for patients in the late group (62% vs. 15%) (Fisher's test p = 0.0004). Overall, the postoperative complication rate was highest in the late presenting group (34% vs. 3%, Fisher's test p = 0.005). More than half of the patients presented with musculoskeletal injury require surgical correction. Our study demonstrated that scar contracture is the most common complaint among the late presenting group and is associated with high postoperative complication rate.