Abstract
Impacted lower second molars (ILM2) are rarely reported in the literature, but various studies have been done for its treatment. Apart from solely orthodontic approaches, different surgical management techniques were reported to have successful outcomes. Surgical intervention of ILM2 can help expose the tooth for further orthodontic purposes, simplifying complex treatment methods, and reducing treatment time. This review illustrates the comprehensive evaluation and updated methods of surgical uprighting, repositioning, and transplantation of ILM2 with future directions for better understanding and treatment planning in the clinical setting. The successful outcome of surgical intervention depends on case selection, root development of ILM2, careful surgical manipulation, and adherence to sound biological principles.
Highlights
The nature of impaction of second molars has been observed to be an outcome of inadequate skeletal development to permit normal and undisturbed eruption.[1,2]. The management of this occurrence has been challenging for orthodontists and oral and maxillofacial surgeons because of the technique-sensitive treatment planning, varying prognosis, and limited access to the tooth.[3,4]
This review aims to illustrate a comprehensive account of the surgical management of ILM2 used in clinical settings
Most of the literatures gathered in the indices were peer-reviewed articles related to impacted mandibular second molars, with 18 case reports and 6 retrospective studies
Summary
The nature of impaction of second molars has been observed to be an outcome of inadequate skeletal development to permit normal and undisturbed eruption.[1,2] The management of this occurrence has been challenging for orthodontists and oral and maxillofacial surgeons because of the technique-sensitive treatment planning, varying prognosis, and limited access to the tooth.[3,4] Objectives of imposing the tooth to be placed and positioned in its ideal position in the dentition are to avoid dental caries and possible inflammation of the periodontium in proximity to the distal of the first molar to inhibit arch discrepancies that may lead to instabilities.[3]. It has a prevalence of 0.01 to 0.8%.6,7
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