Abstract
(Abstracted from J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2019;26:535–543) Tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) presents as an infectious mass of the adnexa and is a late complication of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in up to 30% of cases. TOA is associated with significant patient morbidities, including pain, sepsis, and recurrent hospitalizations and may lead to long-term complications such as chronic pelvic pain, pelvic adhesions, infertility, and ectopic pregnancies.
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