Abstract
BackgroundLymphatic malformations are rare benign cystic tumors that result from localized disordered embryologic development of the lymphatic system and can develop anywhere in the body, predominantly in the head and neck. These lesions are classified according to the diameter of the largest cystic cavity within the lesion into microcystic and macrocystic types. Historically, surgical excision has been considered the mainstay of treatment and still remains the first therapeutic option of choice for many surgeons particularly for giant macrocystic lesions. Several alternative therapeutic modalities emerged including intralesional sclerotherapy and laser therapy with encouraging results.The study is designed to assess the effectiveness and safety of surgical excision as an initial therapeutic option in the management of these malformations.ResultsAsymptomatic mass with parental cosmetic and functional concerns was the mode of presentation in six (66.7%) patients. Seven (77.8%) patients were presented before the age of 2 years. Six (66.7%) of the patients had their lesions in the neck. Complete surgical excision was achieved in eight (88.9%) patients without any evident significant injury to vital neurovascular structures. None of the patients had any difficulties with breathing, swallowing, or phonation and cosmetic results were satisfactory in the majority (88.9%) of them.ConclusionRadical surgical excision of giant macrocystic lymphatic malformations in children is possible in experienced hands. It is an effective and safe initial therapeutic option and gives satisfactory esthetic and functional results.
Highlights
Lymphatic malformations are rare benign cystic tumors that result from localized disordered embryologic development of the lymphatic system and can develop anywhere in the body, predominantly in the head and neck
Lymphatic malformations (LMs) are rare benign cystic tumors that result from localized disordered embryologic development of the lymphatic system
Complete surgical excision was achieved in eight (88.9%) patients without any evident significant injury to vital neurovascular structures (Fig. 3a–c)
Summary
Lymphatic malformations are rare benign cystic tumors that result from localized disordered embryologic development of the lymphatic system and can develop anywhere in the body, predominantly in the head and neck. These lesions are classified according to the diameter of the largest cystic cavity within the lesion into microcystic and macrocystic types. Lymphatic malformations (LMs) are rare benign cystic tumors that result from localized disordered embryologic development of the lymphatic system. LMs are classified according to the diameter of the largest cystic cavity within the lesion into the macrocystic type, having cysts greater than 2 cm with clear boundaries and the microcystic type with cysts lesser than 2 cm and ill-defined boundaries. Other ways of presentation are related to the effects or complications of these lesions including respiratory distress, feeding difficulties, and sudden increase in size following infection and hemorrhage [6]
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