Abstract
Endoscopy of the gastrointestinal tract was first introduced in the early 1930s. The field has significantly evolved since the early description of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Surgeons and gastroenterologists have worked very closely to push the envelope in modern-day therapeutic endoscopy. Many of the advanced procedures performed today such as early removal of gastrointestinal cancers, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, percutaneous endoscopic gastrointestinal access, per oral endoscopic myotomy, among others are a result of the development of techniques that were introduced by the early pioneers of surgical endoscopy. The aim of this chapter is to review the history and evolution of surgical endoscopy since its introduction almost a century ago.
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