SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS IN LIVE-DONOR PEDIATRIC RENAL TRANSPLANTATION: STUDY OF RISK FACTORS

Abstract

P690 Aims: To report the surgical complications among our pediatric renal transplants and to analyze the different factors that may influence the occurrence of such complications. Methods: A total, 250 pediatric renal transplants were included into this study. Of these children there were 154 boys and 96 girls with a mean age of 15.4 ± 3.7 years (range 5 to 20). All patients received their kidneys from living donors. Four patients underwent repeat renal transplantation. Surgical complications were reported and their incidence was correlated with several pre-transplant, technical and post-transplant risk factors by both univariate and multivariate analyses. The impact of surgical complications on graft and patient survival was computed using the Kaplan-Meier technique. Results: Among the 250 patients, 35 surgical complications were encountered in 33 patients. These complications included urinary leakage in 10 patients, ureteric stricture in 11, complicated lymphocele in 8, hematoma necessitating surgical exploration in 2, wound dehiscence in 1, stone of the graft ureter in 1 and renal artery stenosis in 2. The incidence of urological complications (ureteral stenosis, urinary leakage and stone disease) was 8.8% and vascular complications 0.8%. Small ureteric leakage (4 patients) was treated by endourologic techniques, whereas leaks associated with ureteral necrosis required open revision. Endourologic treatment was tried in early and mild cases of ureteric obstruction. In late and severe cases, surgery was performed. On univariate analysis the factors that significantly affected the incidence of surgical complications were recipient’s age, lower urinary tract abnormalities, the type of primary urinary recontinuity, the time to diuresis, height and weight of the patients. On multivariate analysis, the type of primary urinary continuity was the only factor that sustained statistical significance. Neither patient nor graft survival was affected by the occurrence of surgical complications. Conclusions: Primary urinary continuity is the only risk factor that affects the incidence of surgical complications among live-donor kidney pediatric renal transplants, with the extravesical technique of Lich-Gregoir giving the best results. Surgical complications in pediatric renal transplantation can be minimized if basic principles of careful transplant technique are used. Prompt identification and treatment of any complication are paramount to graft and patient survival.