Abstract
With prevalence of about 1 in 3000 live births, pediatric surgeons commonly deal with esophageal abnormalities, which may provide substantial clinical complications. Surprisingly, the embryologic processes underlying esophageal atresia (EA) with or without tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF), one of the hallmark disease entities of pediatric surgery, have only lately been largely uncovered. When it comes to the treatment of congenital esophageal abnormalities, notably esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula, surgical methods are essential. In order to address the anatomical abnormalities and restore normal function, surgical correction is often necessary in the care of congenital esophageal anomalies, including esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula. In this review we are going to cover surgical approaches to repair those malformations, long-term outcomes, and latest developments in esophageal surgical approaches.
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