Abstract
Background Surgical site infections are the third (14%-16%) most frequent cause of nosocomial infections among hospitalized patients. They still form a large health problem and result in increased antibiotic usage, increased associated costs, and prolonged hospitalization and contribute to increased patient morbidity and mortality. Therefore, studies on surgical site infections and surgical antibiotic prophylaxis contribute to identifying surgical site infection rate and risk factor associated with it as well as for identifying the gap in surgical antibiotic prophylaxis practice. Objective To assess surgical antibiotic prophylaxis practice and surgical site infection among surgical patients. Method A hospital-based prospective observational study was conducted in 68 patients who underwent major surgery in Dessie Referral Hospital adult surgical wards between March 24 and April 25/2017. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were performed to determine infection rate and risk factors for surgical site infections. Result Assessment of 68 patients who underwent major surgery revealed an overall surgical site infection rate of 23.4%. Prophylactic antibiotics were administered for 59 operations; of these, 33 (48.6%) had inappropriate timing of administration. A combination of ceftriaxone and metronidazole 28 (47.46%) was frequently used. Factors associated with surgical site infection were wound class, patient comorbid condition, duration of the procedure, the timing of administration, and omitting prophylaxis use. Conclusion This study indicated a higher rate of surgical site infection and also revealed that wound class, preexisting medical condition, prolonged duration of surgery, omitting of prophylaxis use, and inappropriate timing of administration were highly associated with surgical site infection.
Highlights
Surgical site infections are the third (14%-16%) most frequent cause of nosocomial infections among hospitalized patients
A prospective cross-sectional study design was conducted in Dessie Referral Hospital (DRH) Northeast Ethiopia from March 24 to April 25/2017
A total of 68 patients were assessed for surgical site infection and surgical prophylaxis use as depicted in Table 1. 51.5% of them were males, and the rest were females within the age of 20-80
Summary
Surgical site infections are the third (14%-16%) most frequent cause of nosocomial infections among hospitalized patients They still form a large health problem and result in increased antibiotic usage, increased associated costs, and prolonged hospitalization and contribute to increased patient morbidity and mortality. Factors associated with surgical site infection were wound class, patient comorbid condition, duration of the procedure, the timing of administration, and omitting prophylaxis use. This study indicated a higher rate of surgical site infection and revealed that wound class, preexisting medical condition, prolonged duration of surgery, omitting of prophylaxis use, and inappropriate timing of administration were highly associated with surgical site infection. Incisional SSIs may be superficial (skin or subcutaneous tissue) or deep (fascial and muscle layers) Both types, by definition, occur by postoperative day 30. The National Research Council, USA, developed a system for categorizing incisions based on the degree of contamination as clean, clean-contaminated, contaminated, and dirty wounds [3]
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