Surgical and Non-Surgical Procedures Associated with Recurrence of Periodontitis in Periodontal Maintenance Therapy: 5-Year Prospective Study

Fernando Oliveira Costa,Renata Magalhães Cyrino,José Roberto Cortelli,Ana Paula Lima Oliveira,Luís Otávio Miranda Cota,Sheila Cavalca Cortelli,Eugênio José Pereira Lages,Sompop Bencharit

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0140847

Abstract

Background and ObjectiveProspective studies that investigated the influence of surgical and nonsurgical procedures in the recurrence of periodontitis and tooth loss in periodontal maintenance therapy (PMT) programs have not been previously reported. The objective of this study was to evaluate longitudinally the recurrence of periodontitis in regular compliers (RC) and irregular compliers (IC) individuals undergoing surgical and non-surgical procedures over 5 years in a program of PMT.Materials and MethodsA total of 212 individuals participated in this study. Full-mouth periodontal examination including bleeding on probing, probing depth, and clinical attachment level were determined at all PMT visits over 5 years. The recurrence of periodontitis was evaluated in RC and IC individuals undergoing surgical and non-surgical procedures in PMT. The influences of risk variables of interest were tested through univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression.ResultsRecurrence of periodontitis was significantly lower among RC when compared to IC. Individuals with recurrence of periodontitis and undergoing surgical procedures showed higher probing depth and clinical attachment loss than those who received non-surgical procedures. Recurrence of periodontitis was higher in individual undergoing surgical procedures and irregular compliance during PMT.ConclusionsIrregular compliance and surgical procedures in individuals undergoing PMT presented higher rates of recurrence of periodontitis when compared to regular compliant patients undergoing non-surgical procedures.

Highlights

The benefits of periodontal maintenance therapy (PMT) in maintaining the homeostasis of periodontal tissues obtained after active periodontal therapy (APT), which includes surgical and non-surgical procedures, has been extensively documented in numerous studies [1,2,3,4,5,6].A classic problem in PMT programs is difficulty in maintaining the patient’s compliance and in scheduling regular maintenance visits [1,2,3,4]
Recurrence of periodontitis was significantly lower among regular compliers (RC) when compared to irregular compliers (IC)
Irregular compliance and surgical procedures in individuals undergoing PMT presented higher rates of recurrence of periodontitis when compared to regular compliant patients undergoing non-surgical procedures

Summary

Introduction

The benefits of periodontal maintenance therapy (PMT) in maintaining the homeostasis of periodontal tissues obtained after active periodontal therapy (APT), which includes surgical and non-surgical procedures, has been extensively documented in numerous studies [1,2,3,4,5,6].A classic problem in PMT programs is difficulty in maintaining the patient’s compliance and in scheduling regular maintenance visits [1,2,3,4]. Several indicators or risk factors and biological, behavioral, and social conditions can influence the status of individuals undergoing PMT [1,3,12,13,14]. Neglecting a regular PMT program has been associated with a higher risk of recurrence and with the progression of periodontitis [1,3,4,5]. Prospective studies that investigated the influence of surgical and nonsurgical procedures in the recurrence of periodontitis and tooth loss in periodontal maintenance therapy (PMT) programs have not been previously reported. The objective of this study was to evaluate longitudinally the recurrence of periodontitis in regular compliers (RC) and irregular compliers (IC) individuals undergoing surgical and non-surgical procedures over 5 years in a program of PMT

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Conclusion