Surgical Anatomy for Asian facial Contouring: A Personal Perspective.

Abstract

This paper introduces my personal perspective on anatomic structures for reduction malarplasty, mandibular contouring surgery, and masseter muscle resection. The zygomaticofacial nerve innervates a rectangular area, and each side measures 18.8±4 and 15.8±3.4mm. The center of the rectangle is located laterally, at 17.3±5.5mm from the lateral canthus, and then inferiorly, at 18.1±3.1mm. The point of the zygomaticotemporal nerve appears at the margin of the zygomatic bone, 11.29±2.65mm below the zygomaticofrontal suture and 21.76±2.76mm from the superior border of the zygomatic arch. The inferior alveolar nerve in the mandibular canal runs above the lower one-third of the mandibular body. The terminal mandibular canal is located at an average of 4.5mm under the mental foramen, advances 5.0mm anteriorly, loops, and ends at the foramen. The facial nerve trunk is located 11 to 14mm medial to the posterior border of the mandible. The trunk emerges out of the stylomastoid foramen and runs anteroinferiorly at an angle of 45°. The deep branch of the middle masseteric artery travels deep in the muscle, close to the periosteum of the mandible in 94% of cases. The average diameter is 1.23±0.26mm. The masseteric nerve runs anteriorly and inferiorly between the deep and the middle layers of the masseter. It is observed at 33±5.6mm from the inferior border of the muscle on the anterior third vertical line of the masseter muscle and at 47±5.5mm in the posterior third.