Abstract
Recent advances in optical and robotic technologies have given surgeons high-definition eyes and precision hands that perform beyond human capabilities. This has expanded the scope of minimally invasive surgery and increased opportunities for surgery in high-risk situations; however, absolute surgical safety has not yet been achieved. Deficiencies in human performance are associated with surgical adverse events and advanced surgery places stress on surgeons and affect their concentration, causing not only novice surgeons with limited experience, but even skilled surgeons, to make misrecognition and decision-making errors. Therefore, the issue of "surgical comfort" for surgeons cannot be ignored. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI), which is designed to mimic the function of the human brain, has been developed in various fields to assist humans. Computer vision, a visual assistive technology that uses AI, is being applied to surgery and will become available in the near future. AI-controlled robots cannot be expected to replace surgeons, because surgeons operate with higher brain functions that integrate all their abilities, including the senses of humanity, mission, and ethics. However, if there is a way to reduce the mental and physical burden on surgeons by utilizing AI technology, then it should not be ruled out.
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