Surgery site healing disorder following laparotomy in cattle: a retrospective study

Abstract

Wound healing processes in consequence to bovine abdominal surgery performed from 2007 to 2016 at the University of Veterinary Medicine in Vienna were retrospectively assessed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of wound healing complications following abdominal surgery in cattle during this 10-year-period as well as to identify possible risk factors such as elevated temperatures. Surgical procedures finding inclusion comprised ileus, left and right abomasal displacement, caecal dilation or displacement (right flank laparotomies), foreign body syndrome (left flank laparotomy), and umbilical surgery. Additionally, weather data during the study period were collected in order to investigate the possible association between ambient temperatures and wound healing disorders. During this period 1365 abdominal surgical procedures were performed. The majority (68.6 %) of the cattle were Simmental cows, followed by 19.6 % Holstein Friesians. Female animals were overrepresented (73.0 %), and 24.0 % of the patients were calves. In 156 cases (11.7 %), a postoperative wound healing disorder (WHD) occurred. The majority of the laparotomies were performed from the right side; of these 21.4 % were left abomasal displacements and 21.7 % ileus surgeries. Left abomasal displacements (24.4 %) and surgery in the umbilical region (21.2 %) were associated with a higher occurrence of WHDs than other abdominal surgical procedures. Animals with right abomasal displacement developing WHDs were significantly younger than those without a WHD. A significant association between WHD frequency and higher temperatures could not be demonstrated. A total of 34.6 % WHD occurred during the summer months (June-September). However, the probability of developing WHDs increased significantly starting at an environmental temperature of 12.5 °C. Most WHD were observed in May (17.1 %) followed by July (15.6 %) and June (15.3 %). The occurrence of WHDs is influenced by numerous different factors such as age of the animal, disease, and type of the surgical procedure. The environmental temperature may increase the risk to develop a WHD but is only one parameter of a multifactorial process.