Abstract
Myopic traction maculopathy (MTM) is characterized by retinal thickening, retinoschisis, lamellar macular hole, and foveal retinal detachment and is a major cause of visual impairment in high myopia. As MTM may progress to full-thickness macular hole and macular hole retinal detachment during its natural course, vitreous surgery is effective in preventing these conditions and consequent severe vision loss. A 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling is the standard treatment for MTM, resulting in the improvement or maintenance of vision in most cases. However, opening of the macular hole occurs in 5–10% of eyes that undergo vitrectomy for MTM. Recently, fovea-sparing ILM peeling has been shown to be effective in preventing the development of macular hole associated with standard ILM peeling. This chapter focuses on the recent advances in the treatment of MTM.
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