Surgery for life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias

Abstract

Among 203 left ventricular aneurysmectomies performed since 1970, the operative mortality rate was 18.7 percent. In 49 patients (24 percent), left ventricular aneurysmectomy was performed for refractory life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. Eight additional patients had coronary bypass grafting without ventricular aneurysmectomy. One of these patients had bypass grafting followed later by ventricular aneurysmectomy. All 56 patients had underlying coronary artery disease. The operative mortality rate was 19.6 percent. In patients with a recent myocardial infarction, the rate was 60 percent, whereas it was 11 percent in patients with a remote myocardial infarction. Other high risk variables in these patients included coronary bypass grafting without myocardial resection, and an elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. The late mortality rate was 17.9 percent, but only one of these deaths was sudden and unexpected. The 35 long-term survivors have been followed up for a mean of 40.7 months (range 7 to 92 months). Of these, 20 remain on antiarrhythmic medications for palpitation or documented ventricular premature complexes, whereas 15 are free of detectable rhythm disturbances and do not require antiarrhythmic agents. Only 4 of 35 (11 percent) have had recurrent documented ventricular tachycardia. Left ventricular aneurysmectomy may be performed for refractory ventricular tachyarrhythmias with an acceptable operative mortality, particularly if the patient has survived longer than 6 weeks after myocardial infarction. Although epicardial mapping techniques may be useful in localizing the reentrant pathway of the ventricular tachycardia, ventricular aneurysmectomy without mapping techniques produces a satisfactory clinical result in the vast majority of long-term survivors.