Surfactant Protein A without the Interruption of Gly-X-Y Repeats Loses a Kink of Oligomeric Structure and Exhibits Impaired Phospholipid Liposome Aggregation Ability

Abstract

Pulmonary surfactant protein A (SP-A) belongs to the collectin subgroup of the C-type lectin superfamily. SP-A oligomerizes as an octadecamer, which forms a flower bouquet-like structure. A collagen-like domain of human SP-A consists of 23 Gly-X-Y repeats with an interruption near the midpoint of this domain. This interruption causes a kink, but its role remains unknown. To define the importance of the kink region of SP-A, two mutated proteins were constructed to disrupt the interruption of Gly-X-Y repeats: SP-ADEL, which lacks the Pro47-Cys48-Pro49-Pro50 sequence at the interruption, and SP-AINS, in which two glycines were introduced to insert Gly-X-Y repeats (Gly-Pro47-Cys48-Gly-Pro49-Pro50). Electron microscopy using rotary shadowing revealed that both mutants form octadecamers that lack a bend in the collagenous domain. Electrophoretic analysis under nondenaturing conditions and gel filtration chromatography demonstrated that SP-AINS consisted of a large assembly of oligomers whereas SP-ADEL formed mainly octadecamers. Both SP-ADEL and SP-AINS mutants as well as wild-type SP-A bound to liposomes containing dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and galactosylceramide at equivalent levels, but the abilities of the mutants to induce phospholipid liposome aggregation were significantly less developed than that of the wild type. The mutants SP-ADEL and SP-AINS augmented liposome uptake by alveolar type II cells and inhibited secretion of phospholipids from type II cells at a level comparable to that of wild-type SP-A. These results indicate that the interruption of Gly-X-Y repeats in the SP-A molecule is critical for the formation of a flower bouquet-like octadecamer and contributes to SP-A's capacity to aggregate phospholipid liposomes.