Surfactant Enhanced DNAPL Removal

Abstract

Abstract : A demonstration of Surfactant-Enhanced Aquifer Remediation (SEAR) was conducted from April to August 1999 at Site 88, at the location of the central dry-cleaning facility (Building 25), Marine Corps Base (MCB) Camp Lejeune, NC. The demonstration included recovery and recycling of surfactant for reinjection during the surfactant flood. Site 88 is contaminated with immiscible-phase tetrachloroethylene (PCE) and Varsol . The PCE is present as a dense, nonaqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) beneath Building 25 and its vicinity in a shallow surficial aquifer at a depth of approximately 16 to 20 ft. A significant portion of the DNAPL is present in a low permeability silty layer at the base of the shallow, fine sand aquifer. Varsol is present as a light, nonaqueous-phase liquid (LNAPL) in the upper portion of the shallow aquifer, coincident with the water table at about 8 to 10 ft below ground surface (bgs) but was not targeted for remediation. However, some Varsol was present as a minor component of the PCE DNAPL and was removed incidentally with the PCE DNAPL. The SEAR demonstration was funded by the United States Department of Defense (DoD) under the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP) and was led by the Naval Facilities Engineering Service Center (NFESC), Port Hueneme, CA. Additional financial and in-kind contributions were made by the Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Atlantic Division (LANTDIV), and the United States Environmental Protection Agency s (U.S. EPA s) National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL) Sustainable Technology Division in Cincinnati, OH, and Subsurface Remediation and Protection Division in Ada, OK. This Cost and Performance Report includes a summary of the technical performance of the SEAR technology based on the MCB Camp Lejeune demonstration, and a cost assessment of the demonstration and full-scale SEAR implementation.