Abstract
In this paper, we propose an accurate and practical model for the estimation of surface-breaking discontinuity (i.e., crack) depth in concrete through quantitative characterization of surface-wave transmission across the discontinuity. The effects of three different mixture types (mortar, normal strength concrete, and high strength concrete) and four different simulated crack depths on surface-wave transmission were examined through experiments carried out on lab-scale concrete specimens. The crack depth estimation model is based on a surface-wave spectral energy approach that is capable of taking into account a wide range of wave frequencies. The accuracy of the proposed crack depth estimation model is validated by root mean square error analysis of data from repeated spectral energy transmission ratio measurements for each specimen.
Highlights
Background on SurfaceWave of Techniques model illustrates a good accuracy regardless the concrete mixture type.The geometric formation depth) of aTechniques surface crack in concrete may be characterized by the 2
This indicates that the proposed model will be reasonably accurate to evaluate crack depth in concrete, and spectral energy transmission ratios will be practically consistent in independent surface-wave measurements
Nondestructive surface wave tests were conducted on lab-scale concrete specimens with varying mix proportions and discontinuity depths to better understand the effects of concrete properties and crack depth on surface-wave transmission, and, to develop an accurate and practical model for the estimation of crack depth in concrete
Summary
The presence of cracks in concrete structures can cause serious safety and/or durability problems, which may result in fatal disasters requiring tremendous social (life and monetary) costs [1,2]. Nondestructive methods developed for the evaluation of the damage condition of concrete to date include visual and optical inspections and stress-wave based methods, as well as nuclear, magnetic, and electronic methods [3] Of these methods, ultrasonic techniques involve measurements of pulse velocity [9,10,11], characteristics of guided waves [12], surface-wave transmission [13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24], acoustic emission [5], diffuse ultrasound [25,26,27,28], coda wave interferometry [28,29], and nonlinear ultrasound [30,31].
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