Abstract
Due to an increase in the world population, there is a requirement for effective and sustainable technologies to deliver global necessities and diminish the environmental toll. In medicine, nanoscale drug delivery systems endowment has improved therapeutic precision by overcoming biological barricades, which is followed by enhancing drug targeting tactics. A “family tree” is needed to trace the developments in the study of nanomaterials (NMs) more accurately. The utilization of NMs for surface engineerings like metal chalcogenides, metals, metal oxides/hydroxides, polymers, metal-organic frameworks, and hybrid nanostructures in the biological and medical fields is a topic of rapid progress. The implication of NMs in medical through biomedical implants. wound coverings and drug delivery systems trust upon their effective interface between the extracellular matrix, intracellular cells, and components. The cellular and molecular points are mainly determined by the surface characteristics, morphological, and chemical analysis of NMs. An overview of the physical and chemical properties (i.e. superficial charge, surface composition, size, shape, and chemical nature, etc.) of NMs affect the biocompatibility and uptake efficiency of medical platforms which is thoroughly explored in this chapter.
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