Abstract
The stable isotopes of 2H, 18O, and 3H reinforced by hydrochemical data, were used to identify the interaction between groundwater and Shatt Al-Diwaniya water and estimate the age of groundwater in the research area. For achieving these two goals, twenty-two samples of water were collected at the suggested area through a sampling campaign for twelve shallow wells, three from Shatt Al- Diwaniya, six rainfall samples, and one sample of sewer water. Three additional samples were collected for comparison from outside of the study area. The results of stable isotopes and hydrochemical composition indicated that there is a similarity between shallow groundwater samples and Shatt Al-Diwaniya water. The surface water interacts with groundwater for all boreholes, except for the borehole in the Al-Jameih District (WR2), which showed similar results spring water as comparing with SW1 and SW2 spring water samples. The isotopic composition of Shatt Al-Diwaniya (2H and 18O) is close to the local, and meteoric global water line, this indicates that the rainfall makes a significant contribution to the water of Shatt- Aldiwaniya. There is a convergence with the values of isotopes of wastewater and groundwater, which indicates that the formation of shallow groundwater is a mixture of Shatt Al-Diwaniya water and the recharge (wastewater and rainfall). The results of 3H concentration remaining in shallow groundwater showed that the age of the groundwater ranges from1.8 to 6.3 years, this indicates that recharge of shallow groundwater is modern.
Highlights
Shatt Al-Diwaniya is a small river that passes through Al-Diwaniya city and divides the city into two parts, where it is the main source for recharging groundwater within the city (FCSDIP, 1992).Iraqi Geological Journal Hadi and AlwanThe importance of Shatt Al-Diwaniya increased especially after the expansion and re-establishment of the principal regulator, which its new discharge has become 96.2 m3/s instead of the old discharge of 60 m3/s (Al-Jaberi et al, 2016; Awadh et al, 2016; Al-Kilabi, 2018 and Al-Naely et al., 2018)
Hydrochemistry The effect of Shatt al-Diwaniya on the groundwater was examined using the chemical analysis of selected groundwater samples from boreholes and compared with Shatt Al-Diwaniya and rainwater
The levels of shallow groundwater in Al-Diwaniya city depend on several factors such as: the topography, type of the soil, Wastewater sources, land use nature, and rainfall amount in the area
Summary
The importance of Shatt Al-Diwaniya increased especially after the expansion and re-establishment of the principal regulator, which its new discharge has become 96.2 m3/s instead of the old discharge of 60 m3/s (Al-Jaberi et al, 2016; Awadh et al, 2016; Al-Kilabi, 2018 and Al-Naely et al., 2018). It is necessary to study the interaction of groundwater with Shatt Al- Diwaniya water, identify other significant nutrition sources that affect the shallow groundwater within the city (Awadh et al., 2020). Shallow groundwater systems are another problem in the area being studied, such as soil salinity and soil erosion (Al-Jabbari and Al-Enezy, 2014), which affect foundations by weakening soil stability and reducing their ability to bearing
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