Abstract

Abstract

Highlights

  • The dynamics in the airflow above wind-generated waves is crucial for wind–wave coupling and for the air–sea momentum flux as a whole

  • Representative examples of instantaneous horizontal velocity fields obtained in the airflow are shown in figure 3 for all six wind speeds studied

  • We find that the viscous stress in these low to moderate wind speeds represents a non-negligible contribution to the total momentum flux which is in agreement with conclusions by Banner & Peirson (1998) and later Grare et al (2013b)

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Summary

Introduction

The dynamics in the airflow above wind-generated waves is crucial for wind–wave coupling and for the air–sea momentum flux as a whole Detailed experimental investigations of the airflow structure and wind stress above wind waves remain rare, largely because of the technical challenges involved with acquiring high resolution measurements very close to a rapidly moving interface (Buckley & Veron 2017). There is a need for detailed airflow and surface stress measurements above wind waves This is true in high wind conditions where momentum flux parametrizations still need to be improved in order to help better predict extreme weather events such as tropical storms This is true in high wind conditions where momentum flux parametrizations still need to be improved in order to help better predict extreme weather events such as tropical storms (e.g. Edson et al 2013; Veron 2015)

Methods
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Conclusion

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