Abstract
The use of dental implants to restore the loss of one or many teeth has become a widely used treatment option in daily practice. However, as soon as implant surfaces or their components are exposed to human oral cavity, they are immediately covered by an acquired film and instantly subjected to bacterial colonization. This is directly influenced by the surface properties of the materials, including chemical composition, surface roughness, surface energy... [1]. In modern biomaterial research, implant surfaces are primarily modified to increase bone integration into the alveolar bone. Recently, implant surfaces are also modified to reduce biofilm formation after exposure to the oral cavity [2]. Currently, many implant systems with different surface treatments are available on the market, which makes it difficult for the practitioner to choose
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