Abstract
In the paper, we present an analysis of the surface texture of turned parts with L/D (length/diameter) ratios of 6 and 12 and various rigidity values. The studies were carried out on samples made of S355JR steel and AISI 304 stainless steel. A detailed analysis of 2D surface profiles was carried out by using a large number of parameters that allowed us to distinguish significant differences in the surface microgeometry, which confirmed that determining surface characteristics from one height parameter (Ra—arithmetical mean height) is far from sufficient. The obtained results indicate significantly better roughness and waviness values of the AISI 304 steel surfaces in terms of its size, periodicity, and regularity. Therefore, the turning process of AISI 304 shafts with low rigidity allows one to be able to achieve better quality texture and have a positive effect on the general properties of a workpiece. In all tested samples, surface irregularities decreased along with the distance from the tailstock. The shafts with an L/D ratio of 12 had worse surfaces in the first two sections due to lower rigidity. The results received close to the three-jaw chuck, regardless of the L/D ratio and material type, demonstrated similar waviness and roughness parameters and profiles.
Highlights
During the turning process of a workpiece, cutting forces that cause an elastic deformation of a machining system—which is formed by a machine tool, grip, fixture, and cutting tool (MGFT system)—arise
In the case of turning the S355JR steel, it could be seen that the surface waviness obtained higher values than when machining the AISI 304 stainless steel, and greater waviness periodicity occurred
The above-discussed data were related to better properties of the AISI 304 material, which is characterized by a better machinability
Summary
During the turning process of a workpiece, cutting forces that cause an elastic deformation of a machining system—which is formed by a machine tool, grip, fixture, and cutting tool (MGFT system)—arise. The values of deformation for individual elements of this system are not constant because they depend on the applied cutting parameters and other processing conditions that exert a variable system of dynamic forces. As a result of variable cutting forces, vibrations of the machining system that significantly affect the tool path and deformation of the workpiece occur. Vibrations in the machining process are an undesirable phenomenon. They cause a number of part workmanship errors. The components of vibrations in the direction perpendicular to the machined surface significantly affect the surface texture (roughness, waviness, etc.)
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