Abstract
The surface termination of oxide surfaces is of crucial importance for the growth of a second material like metals or other oxides. In this study we have investigated the surface of a BaTiO 3 (001) single crystal during sample preparation by various electron spectroscopic methods. It is shown by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and metastable induced electron spectroscopy (MIES) that during sputtering a Ba rich overlayer is formed, in which the Ba 2+ ions are under coordinated. Below this layer, an oxygen deficient BaTiO 3 layer is found. During annealing, we observe the reformation of the crystalline structure. UP and MIE spectra provide clear evidence of a BaO terminated surface. X-ray photoelectron diffraction studies support this result, comparing recorded polar angle scans with calculated intensity modulations using multiple scattering cluster models.
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