Abstract
The surface tensions of n-butanol in water and 20, 38, 58, and 72 wt % H2SO4 were recorded at 294 K in order to compare the segregation of the alcohol at the water−air and acid−air interfaces. The surface tensions of each solution decrease steadily as butanol is added, yielding nearly constant surface concentrations of butyl-containing species between 0.2 and 0.4 M butanol. These surface concentrations range from ∼3.5 × 1014 cm-2 (∼73% of maximum packing) at the surface of water to ∼2.0 ×1014 cm-2 (∼41% of maximum packing) at the surface of 72 wt % H2SO4. The reduction in surface coverage with increasing acidity may be driven by butanol protonation, changes in solvent size, and the conversion of butanol to C4H9OSO3H and C4H9OSO3-. The alcohol surface coverage on 72 wt % acid is nearly doubled by cooling the acid from 294 to 208 K or by substituting n-hexanol for n-butanol.
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