Abstract
The surface tension of molten bismuth has been analyzed and determined by the sessile drop method at temperatures ranging from 573 to 973 K and in the oxygen partial pressure (Po2) range from 8.56 × 10−16 to 8.37 × 10−6 MPa. At Po2= 8.56 × 10−16 and 5.23 × 10−13 MPa, the surface tension decreases linearly with the increase in temperature and its temperature coefficients are −0.087 and −0.064 mN/m/K, respectively. However, at high Po2 in argon gas (8.37 × 10−6 MPa, not deoxidized with magnesium chips), the surface tension values and the absolute value of its temperature coefficient are both smaller than that at low Po2 ranging from 8.56 × 10−16 to 5.23 × 10−13 MPa. Based on the review of the surface tension and the temperature coefficient of molten bismuth reported by various investigators, the surface tension obtained by our research is recommended as σ (mN/m) = 382 − 0.076 (T− 544 K). The effect of oxygen in the measurement atmosphere is considered from thermodynamics and kinetics on the basis of a model, and the experimental results can be explained qualitatively.
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