Abstract
Ti6Al4V alloy was shot peened by using stainless-steel shots with different sizes (0.09–0.14 mm (S10) and 0.7–1.0 mm (S60)) for two durations (5 and 15 min) using a custom-designed peening system. The shot size was the main parameter modifying the roughness (0.74 µm for S10 vs. 2.27 µm for S60), whereas a higher peening time slightly increased roughness. Hardness improved up to approximately 35% by peening with large shots, while peening time was insignificant in hardness improvement. However, longer peening duration with large shots led to an unwanted formation of micro-cracks and delamination on the peened surfaces. After dry sliding wear tests, the mass loss of peened samples (S60 for 15 min) was 25% higher than that of un-peened samples, while the coefficient of friction decreased by 12%. Plastically deformed regions and micro-scratches were observed on the worn surfaces, which corresponds to mostly adhesive and abrasive wear mechanisms. The present study sheds light on how surface, subsurface and tribological properties of Ti6Al4V vary with shot peening and peening parameters, which paves the way for the understanding of the mechanical, surface, and tribological behavior of shot peened Ti6Al4V used in both aerospace and biomedical applications.
Highlights
IntroductionTitanium (Ti) alloys are widely used in implants [1,2], orthopaedic applications [3], chemical [4], automotive [5,6], and aerospace [7,8] industries owing to their high specific strength [9,10,11], corrosion resistance [6,12,13], non-toxicity [14,15], high biocompatibility [15], and fatigue [6] as well as formability [4]
It was observed that either the alpha + beta lamellar structure almost disappeared or the lamellar spacing was significantly reduced in the severe plastic deformation (SPD) zone, which could be attributed to the breakage of grain boundaries [78] due to the compression stresses caused by the shots [20]
The present study investigated the variation of surface and subsurface properties alloy depending on shotand peening and its parameters alloythe depending on shotfeatures peening
Summary
Titanium (Ti) alloys are widely used in implants [1,2], orthopaedic applications [3], chemical [4], automotive [5,6], and aerospace [7,8] industries owing to their high specific strength [9,10,11], corrosion resistance [6,12,13], non-toxicity [14,15], high biocompatibility [15], and fatigue [6] as well as formability [4] They exhibit poor tribological properties [6,16] due to their low resistance to shear deformation [7], which limits their use in various applications [3,4]. It is an effective surface treatment that improves the service life of components subjected to general fatigue as well as fretting fatigue by preventing crack initiation and propagation through improving the mechanical and physical properties [31,34]
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