Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between surface subsidence and groundwater changes. To investigate this relationship, we first analyzed surface subsidence. This paper presents the results of a case study of surface subsidence in Beijing from 1 August 2007 to 29 September 2010. The Multi-temporal Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (multi-temporal InSAR) technique, which can simultaneously detect point-like stable reflectors (PSs) and distributed scatterers (DSs), was used to retrieve the subsidence magnitude and distribution in Beijing using 18 ENVISAT ASAR images. The multi-temporal InSAR-derived subsidence was verified by leveling at an accuracy better than 5 mm/year. Based on the verified multi-temporal InSAR results, a prominent uneven subsidence was identified in Beijing. Specifically, most of the subsidence velocities in the downtown area were within 10 mm/year, and the largest subsidence was detected in Tongzhou, with velocities exceeding 140 mm/year. Furthermore, Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data were used to derive the groundwater change series and trend. By comparison with the multi-temporal InSAR-derived subsidence results, the long-term decreasing trend between groundwater changes and surface subsidence showed a relatively high consistency, and a significant impact of groundwater changes on the surface subsidence was identified. Additionally, the spatial distribution of the subsidence funnel was partially consistent with that of groundwater depression, i.e., the former possessed a wider range than the latter. Finally, the relationship between surface subsidence and groundwater changes was determined.
Highlights
Surface subsidence is the main regional environmental geological disaster in the plain areas ofChina that may negatively affect the safety of infrastructure and human life [1]
As an international metropolis located in the northwest edge of the North China Plain, is one of the most serious areas in China suffering from surface subsidence [4]
1 November 2008, using ENVISAT ASAR and ALOS PALSAR data based on the point-like stable reflectors (PSs) interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technique; the results showed that the subsidence rates ranged from −115 mm/year to 6 mm/year in most areas
Summary
Surface subsidence is the main regional environmental geological disaster in the plain areas of. China that may negatively affect the safety of infrastructure and human life [1]. 70,000 km in seventeen provinces have been affected to varying degrees by surface subsidence [2,3]. As an international metropolis located in the northwest edge of the North China Plain, is one of the most serious areas in China suffering from surface subsidence [4]. Surface subsidence in Beijing was first reported in the 1950s, and it has developed rapidly during recent decades. 2010, the area of surface subsidence, with a cumulative subsidence of more than 50 mm in Beijing, exceeded 4200 km , and the maximum cumulative subsidence in the significant subsidence area reached 1233 mm [5].
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