Abstract
Synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy measurements have been performed on type “M” and “S” tungsten dispenser cathodes and on model surfaces consisting of barium and barium oxide on clean tungsten. All measurements were performed at room temperature using new cathodes. It was found that in the type S cathode BaO,Ba, and chemisorbed oxygen are present, while only metallic Ba and adsorbed oxygen are found on the type M cathode. The superior performance of the type M cathode implies that Ba, and not BaO, is the critical component of the cathode surface.
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