Abstract
Shape-memory polymers (SMPs) are one kind of smart polymers and can change their shapes in a predefined manner under stimuli. Shape-memory effect (SME) is not a unique ability for specific polymeric materials but results from the combination of a tailored shape-memory creation procedure (SMCP) and suitable molecular architecture that consists of netpoints and switching domains. In the last decade, the trend toward the exploration of SMPs to recover structures at micro-/nanoscale occurs with the development of SMPs. Here, the progress of the exploration in micro-/nanoscale structures, particles, and fibers of SMPs is reviewed. The preparation method, SMCP, characterization of SME, and applications of surface structures, free-standing particles, and fibers of SMPs at micro-/nanoscale are summarized.
Highlights
Shape-memory polymers (SMPs) are capable to be deformed and xed into temporary shapes as well as to recover toward their original/permanent shapes upon external stimuli including heat, light, pH, electric eld, and magnetic eld [1,2,3,4]
E molecular architecture of SMPs mainly consists of two elements, i.e., netpoints and switching domains, which are responsible for permanent shape and temporary shape, respectively [1, 4]
The research on SMP-micro-/nanostructured surfaces mainly focuses on the area of direct thermally-induced one-way dual-shape memory effect, i.e., upon heating, the programmed temporary shape recovers to the permanent shape directly, which cannot return to the temporary shape again without another shape-memory creation procedure (SMCP) [30, 32, 52]
Summary
Shape-memory polymers (SMPs) are capable to be deformed and xed into temporary shapes as well as to recover toward their original/permanent shapes upon external stimuli including heat, light, pH, electric eld, and magnetic eld [1,2,3,4]. External force is first applied to deform an SMP specimen into a temporary shape at deformation temperature (Tdeform) that is higher than Ttrans (Tg or Tm) of switching domains, leading to the orientation of polymer chains. Ese freestanding particles or fibers may behave differently from indented and micro-/nanostructured SMP surfaces because the underlying bulk material may, to some extent, contribute to their shape-memory functionality. We try to summarize the preparation method, SMCP, characterization of SME, and applications of SMP surface structures, particles, and fibers at micro-/nanoscale. We hope that this short review can be beneficial for developing miniature SMP devices that can be used greatly in optical, biomedicine, and smart surface areas. After the formation of covalent network, the mobility of crosslinked polymers into mold cavities is limited. erefore, to facilitate chemically crosslinked SMPs to fully
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