Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness of fixed prosthodontic materials after polishing or roughening with a stainless steel curette or ultrasonic scaler and to examine the effect of these on Streptococcus mutans adhesion and biofilm accumulation. Thirty specimens (10 × 10 × 3 mm3) of zirconia (Zr), pressed lithium disilicate (LDS-Press), milled lithium disilicate glazed (LDS-Glaze), titanium grade V (Ti) and cobalt-chromium (CoCr) were divided into three groups (n = 10) according to surface treatment: polished (C), roughened with stainless steel curette (SC), roughened with ultrasonic scaler (US). Surface roughness values (Sa, Sq) were measured with a spinning disc confocal microscope, and contact angles and surface free energy (SFE) were measured with a contact angle meter. The specimens were covered with sterilized human saliva and immersed into Streptococcus mutans suspensions for bacterial adhesion. The biofilm was allowed to form for 24 h. Sa values were in the range of 0.008–0.139 µm depending on the material and surface treatment. Curette and ultrasonic scaling increased the surface roughness in LDS-Glaze (p < 0.05), Ti (p < 0.01) and CoCr (p < 0.001), however, surface roughness did not affect bacterial adhesion. Zr C and US had a higher bacterial adhesion percentage compared to LDS-Glaze C and US (p = 0.03). There were no differences between study materials in terms of biofilm accumulation.
Highlights
Significant differences in surface roughness Sa values were found between specimens with different surface treatment subgroups (C, scaling with a curette (SC) and ultrasonic scaling (US)) in LDS-Glaze (p < 0.05), titanium grade V (Ti) (p < 0.01) and CoCr groups (p < 0.001)
The same observation was made in the US subgroup (p < 0.001), except for LDS-Glaze material in which the Sa value did not differ from that of Ti (p = 0.84)
The results showed that there were differences in the surface roughness values between the different materials and between the surface treatment subgroups within each material
Summary
I.e., inlays, onlays, veneers, crowns and fixed dental prosthesis (FDPs), are used to restore the dentition damaged by tooth wear or dental caries. Ceramic materials like lithium disilicate glass ceramics and zirconia have excellent esthetic and mechanical properties [1,2,3] and can be considered as the material of choice in many clinical cases. A metal framework can give durability to the FDP reconstructions, and for esthetic purposes, the framework is fully or partially veneered. Typical metals used for tooth-and implant-borne reconstructions are gold alloys, titanium and cobalt-chromium
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