Abstract
Surface backscatter measurements at low grazing angles have been conducted from stable platforms in deep water in the 10–60-kHz frequency region. Measurements in Dabob Bay utilized a buoy system suspended above the bottom (600 ft) by a 3-point moor. The open ocean measurements were conducted off the southern California coast on the floating instrument platform (FLIP). Both platforms utilized a multibeam acoustic lens as the receiver. Results show the surface backscattering strength to be independent of frequency, rms wave height, and azimuth, but a strong function of wind speed. The power spectra exhibit a strong dependence upon rms wave height and azimuth, but are relatively insensitive to grazing angle and wind speed. A physical model which suggests that the small-scale ripple is the primary source of surface reverberation will also be presented. [Work supported by the Naval Sea Systems Command under contract N00024-78-C-6018.]
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