Abstract
The bainite transformation was studied by examining the surface distortions of various steels during thermal treatments. The relation between the relief structure and etched structure was also discussed. The results are follows: (1) Relief markings were observed during bainite transformation but pearlite did not produce any relief effect. (2) Each relief marking corresponds to the dotted line of carbide in the upper bainte structure and to the acicular structure of the lower bainite. (3) The relief marking due to bainite formation grows slowly and the rate of growth increases as the transformation temperature increases. The calculated value of the activation energy for the growth of the relief marking was about 19,000 cal/mol. (4) The growth rate of the relief marking at constant temperature was independent of the time of transformation. (5) The Widmannstätten figures of ferrite of various carbon and alloy steels produced distinct relief effects.
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