Abstract
The global damage that a widespread viral infection can cause is evident from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The importance of virus detection to prevent the spread of viruses has been reaffirmed by the pandemic and the associated social and economic damage. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in microscale and localized SPR (LSPR) in nanoscale virus sensing systems are thought to be useful as next-generation detection methods. Many studies have been conducted on ultra-sensitive technologies, especially those based on signal amplification. In some cases, it has been reported that even a low viral load can be measured, indicating that the virus can be detected in patients even in the early stages of the viral infection. These findings corroborate that SPR and LSPR are effective in minimizing false-positives and false-negatives that are prevalent in the existing virus detection techniques. In this review, the methods and signal responses of SPR and LSPR-based virus detection technologies are summarized. Furthermore, this review surveys some of the recent developments reported and discusses the limitations of SPR and LSPR-based virus detection as the next-generation detection technologies.
Highlights
The current COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has revealed how highly infectious emerging viruses spread in modern society and the gravity of social consequences such infections can cause [1,2,3]
The results showed that the detection sensitivity was comparable to that of the commercially available SPR imaging (SPRi) systems, and the authors discussed the future potential of the system as a basis for successful miniaturization and cost reduction
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and localized SPR (LSPR)-based virus sensors amplify the signal response of samples at extremely low concentrations, which is otherwise difficult to read and analyze using conventional methods
Summary
The current COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has revealed how highly infectious emerging viruses spread in modern society and the gravity of social consequences such infections can cause [1,2,3]. On the surface of a solid material such as a metal with a free charge, the surface charge (mostly electrons) oscillates collectively due to light irradiation This phenomenon is called surface plasmon resonance (SPR). SPR significantly increases the surface sensitivity of the substrates to react with the target material in certain spectroscopic measurement techniques, as characterized by the conditions of resonance between the irradiated light and the substrate [19,20]. The LSPR-based virus detection technique basically consists of an optimized thin metal film modified on a prism for coupling light. LSPR requires meticulous nanoparticle control technology to detect virus particles because more localized plasmons emit highly strong signal responses. I have discussed the elements and developments that are required for the next-generation virus detection technology by describing recent examples of research in SPR and LSPR
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