Abstract
Non-invasive real-time observations and the evaluation of living cell conditions and functions are increasingly demanded in life sciences. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors detect the refractive index (RI) changes on the surface of sensor chips in label-free and on a real-time basis. Using SPR sensors, we and other groups have developed techniques to evaluate living cells' reactions in response to stimuli without any labeling in a real-time manner. The SPR imaging (SPRI) system for living cells may visualize single cell reactions and has the potential to expand application of SPR cell sensing for clinical diagnosis, such as multi-array cell diagnostic systems and detection of malignant cells among normal cells in combination with rapid cell isolation techniques.
Highlights
We focus on cell analysis by means of Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and provide information on SPR sensors applied for living cells analysis and clinical diagnosis
To employ SPR as a real-time, label-free biosensor to study cell activities in a wide range of bioscience and clinical medicine scenarios, we studied the relation of SPR signals to intracellular signal transductions, and have developed a glass-fiber SPR that detects cell reactions on the fiber tip, and a 2-dimensional SPR system that visualizes single cell reactions
B mouse keratinocyte cell line, c human embryonic kidney cell line, When basophils sensitized with antigen-specific IgE were fixed on a sensor chip, they immediately caused an increase of refractive index (RI) in response to corresponding antigens, as they did in response to anti-IgE, a positive control stimuli [31,46]
Summary
The cell is the minimum unit for living creatures, whether they be bacteria or vertebrates. Sensors [7,8] have been applied for the detection of living cell reactions in response to stimuli without any labeling. Due to the high sensitivity and the potential application for single cell imaging and endoscopic instruments, SPR sensors represent one of the potentially useful tools for basic research and clinical diagnosis. We focus on cell analysis by means of SPR and provide information on SPR sensors applied for living cells analysis and clinical diagnosis.
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