Abstract
Surface plasmon (SP) enhancement of photoluminescence (PL) from a green-emitting InGaN/GaN quantum well (QW) using nanoparticles (NPs) made of different metals and their combinations was investigated. The NPs were formed by annealing the metal films in N2 followed by rapid cooling. Four-fold enhancement in PL intensity was achieved using random metal NPs made of Cu on Mg (Cu-Mg) double metal film that was more than two folds of the enhancement observed by AgNPs. Reversing the order of metal film deposition (Mg on Cu) resulted in much lower PL intensity due to significantly different NPs size distribution as the given annealing conditions did not cause homogeneous alloying of the two metals. The results pave the way for the application of NPs of relatively low-cost unconventional metals and their combinations in the SP enhancement of LEDs.
Highlights
One of the most important applications of LEDs is white light production by mixing the lights of green, blue, and red colors, which is currently limited by the low external quantum efficiency (EQE) of green LEDs known as the “green gap” [1,2]
Surface plasmon (SP) enhancement is found to be more effective for LEDs with intrinsically poor internal quantum efficiency (IQE) and relatively small GaN thicknesses [16,17]
Cu on Mg (Cu-Mg) NPs resulted in high PL and IQE enhancement compared with that of NPs of all other metals and their combinations studied in this work
Summary
One of the most important applications of LEDs is white light production by mixing the lights of green, blue, and red colors, which is currently limited by the low external quantum efficiency (EQE) of green LEDs known as the “green gap” [1,2]. In the last two decades, SP enhancement of light emission in LEDs has been investigated as one of the most promising methods [3,7,8]. In QW-LEDs, the light produced as a result of exciton recombination in QW can couple with the electromagnetic field produced by the SPs in a metal, creating an additional recombination channel [10]. This additional recombination channel results in increased radiative recombination efficiency [10,11,12]
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