Abstract
Modification of ethyleneechlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE) membranes by simple surface oxidation was reported in the present investigation in order to induce thin hydrophilic layer on hydrophobic membrane surface for the treatment of real produced water (PW). FTIR spectra indicates the appearance of hydrophilic functional groups (–OH and –COOH) on the membrane surface due to modification, while water contact angle, zeta potential measurement, EDX, XPS analysis confirmed the presence of O functionalized hydrophilic groups on the surface. The effect of modification temperature and the time of surface oxidation on the performance of the resulting membranes were studied systematically, which revealed that induction of optimized hydrophilicity can successfully reduce the organic fouling. However, too much hydrophilic surface induces polar/electrostatic interaction resulting salt deposition on membrane surface. A simple on site cleaning procedure was demonstrated to be successful for the treatment PW for at least three consecutive cycles of membrane distillation (MD).
Highlights
The water, trapped underground and brought to the surface during oil and gas exploration and production, was industrially termed as Produced water (PW) [1,2]
In the present investigation we propose simple surface oxidation of ECTFE membrane for the treatment of produced water (PW) with improvement in initial permeate flux
Presence of hydroxyl (–OH) and carboxyl (–COOH) groups were generated on the surface of the membrane Since the membrane surface was allowed to be in contact with KMnO4 solution, the surface oxidation is expected to be homogeneous
Summary
The water, trapped underground and brought to the surface during oil and gas exploration and production, was industrially termed as Produced water (PW) [1,2]. The physical and chemical properties of PW was found to be complex in nature and vary considerably depending on the location, geological formation and nature of hydrocarbons being produced. A large variety of organic and inorganic compounds present naturally during formation, are transferred to the water through long-term contact with the hydrocarbon, or additives used during drilling and operation of the well can be present in produced water. The presence of specific chemicals and the concentrations of those chemicals vary widely among different produced water samples. Produced water is one of the largest volume byproducts associated with oil and gas exploration and production. Proper management of the PW results a high cost (less than 1 cent/bbl to more than $5/bbl) for the oil and gas industries [2]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callMore From: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
