Abstract
To improve combustion efficiency and anti-oxidation property of aluminum nanoparticles (ANs), surface nitridation of ANs was performed in a pipe furnace under the protection of nitrogen gas in a glove-operation hermetic box via an off-line nitridation process. The product was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. A core-shell nanostructure with an aluminum nitride (AlN) coating on the ANs core was observed. The empirical kinetic triplets (Ea, A, and f(α)) for the nitridation of ANs, for the first time, were calculated and analyzed using five types of iso-conversional methods and a differentiation method. The effects of the kinetics of the reaction were investigated by simultaneous differential scanning calorimetry–thermogravimetry (DSC-TG) and thermal analysis using linear programmed temperature at different heating rates.
Highlights
IntroductionAluminum nanoparticles (ANs) are currently widely used in solid propellants, explosives and pyrotechnics because of their high combustion enthalpy and low-temperature oxidation ability.As an excellent propellant, aluminum nanoparticles (ANs) show advantages in combustion applications such as high heat, fast energy releasing rate, burning completeness without cluster aggregation in combustion [1,2].Nowadays, there are various methods to prepare ANs materials mainly including: wire electrical explosive process [3,4], vacuum spray technique [5,6], ball milling [7,8], plasma evaporation [9], inhomogeneous tensile deformation [10,11], and flow-levitation method [12]
We propose a novel method for the surface nitridation of aluminum nanoparticles (ANs)
The results showed the temperature ranging from 600–650 °C was the main stage that was responsible for the surface that the temperature ranging from 600–650 ◦ C was the main stage that was responsible for the nitridation process
Summary
Aluminum nanoparticles (ANs) are currently widely used in solid propellants, explosives and pyrotechnics because of their high combustion enthalpy and low-temperature oxidation ability.As an excellent propellant, ANs show advantages in combustion applications such as high heat, fast energy releasing rate, burning completeness without cluster aggregation in combustion [1,2].Nowadays, there are various methods to prepare ANs materials mainly including: wire electrical explosive process [3,4], vacuum spray technique [5,6], ball milling [7,8], plasma evaporation [9], inhomogeneous tensile deformation [10,11], and flow-levitation method [12]. It is of high significance to cover inactive layers on ANs as an effective protecting coating to avoid the oxidation of ANs. The popular materials used for ANs coatings include Ni [13], C [14], Fe2 O3 [15], AlB2 [16], perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids [17], polyethylene [18], and other organics [19]. The popular materials used for ANs coatings include Ni [13], C [14], Fe2 O3 [15], AlB2 [16], perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids [17], polyethylene [18], and other organics [19] These materials have some limitations in combustion process because they are converted into species without contributions to the energy release. Some coating species are oxidized in storage environments and even react with the coated ANs, greatly decreasing the combustion efficiency of ANs
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