Abstract

High current pulsed electron beam (HCPEB) is an efficient technique for surface modifications of metallic materials. In the present work, the formations of surface nanostructures in an AISI 316L stainless steel induced by direct HCPEB treatment and HCPEB alloying have been investigated. After HCPEB Ti alloying, the sample surface contained a mixture of the ferrite and austenite phases with an average grain size of about 90 nm, because the addition of Ti favors the formation of ferrite. In contrast, electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analyses revealed no structural refinement on the direct HCPEB treated sample. However, transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations showed that fine cells having an average size of 150 nm without misorientations, as well as nanosized carbide particles, were formed in the surface layer after the direct HCPEB treatment. The formation of nanostructures in the 316L stainless steel is therefore attributed to the rapid solidification and the generation of different phases other than the steel substrate in the melted layer.

Highlights

  • AISI 316L stainless steel, referred to as 316L SS hereafter, is widely used in the biomedical field for producing various implants or surgery tools

  • The crater formation is usually related to the eruption of inclusions in the surface layer during the High current pulsed electron beam (HCPEB) treatment, which leads to the surface purification of the target materials [14]

  • This work has examined the formation of nanostructures in the AISI 316L stainless steel induced by HCPEB treatments

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Summary

Introduction

AISI 316L stainless steel, referred to as 316L SS hereafter, is widely used in the biomedical field for producing various implants or surgery tools. Intense-pulsed energetic beams, such as ion, electron, and laser beams, are emerging as new surface treatment techniques for improving the surface properties of various materials [5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13]. These pulsed energetic beams allow high density energy to be introduced into the very top surface layer of the target materials within a very short duration. The main purpose is to understand the mechanism associated with the formation of surface nanostructures induced by HCPEB treatments, which is of great importance for designing new strategies to improve surface properties of materials

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