Abstract
Through evolution, nature has optimised structures and materials with a hierarchy from the macro- to the nanoscale. Biological materials are very sophisticated in the way they solve challenges associated with life. Some properties of commercial interest found in nature are self-cleaning, aerodynamic lift, anti-adhesion, water harvesting, water-floating and staying dry. Biomimetics, to learn from nature, has been used for centuries to create new innovative devices. With the use of “nanotools”, it is possible to design hierarchical surface structures with exceptional functional properties. In this paper, an overview of interesting surface properties with biomimetic potential, strategies for nanomanipulation of surfaces, potential industrial applications and the potential of using atomistic modelling to optimise surface structuring are discussed.
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