Abstract
Our previous research demonstrated that the glucomannan WSRP-1b, which was obtained from waste biomass of Rosa Setate x Rosa Rugosa, had potent immunostimulatory activity. However, the specific mechanisms involved in the activation of RAW264.7 macrophages by WSRP-1b remain unclear. Scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and Congo red analyses revealed that WSRP-1b exhibited a flake structure with irregular curls and had a triple-helix conformation in solution. The immunostimulation assays showed that WSRP-1b could substantially enhance macrophages phagocytosis and promote the accumulation of iNOS, TNF-α, and IL-6 mRNA. Western blot analysis indicated that the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was upregulated in WSRP-1b-induced RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, pretreatment of RAW 264.7 cells using specific inhibitors against MAPKs and NF-κB remarkably attenuated nitric oxide production and cytokine secretion. These data suggest that WSRP-1b activates RAW264.7 macrophages via the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways and may be a novel immunomodulatory agent for hypoimmunity disease therapy.
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