Surface Modifications of Poly(Ether Ether Ketone) via Polymerization Methods-Current Status and Future Prospects.

Monika Flejszar,Paweł Chmielarz

doi:10.3390/ma13040999

Monika Flejszar, Paweł Chmielarz

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13040999

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Journal: Materials	Publication Date: Feb 23, 2020
Citations: 34	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Rzeszów University of Technology

Abstract

Surface modification of poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) aimed at applying it as a bone implant material aroused the unflagging interest of the research community. In view of the development of implantology and the growing demand for new biomaterials, increasing biocompatibility and improving osseointegration are becoming the primary goals of PEEK surface modifications. The main aim of this review is to summarize the use of polymerization methods and various monomers applied for surface modification of PEEK to increase its bioactivity, which is a critical factor for successful applications of biomedical materials. In addition, the future directions of PEEK surface modifications are suggested, pointing to low-ppm surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) as a method with unexplored capacity for flat surface modifications.

Highlights

The production of bone implants is limited only to metal materials
The chemical structure of poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) can be defined as an alternating combination of aryl rings through ketone and ether groups; it belongs to the family of polyaryletherketone polymers
The main objective of this review is to summarize the role of the polymerization process in the modification of the PEEK surface

Summary

Introduction

The production of bone implants is limited only to metal materials (stainless steel, cobalt–chromium, titanium). In the production of personalized bone implants, there is an alternative synthetic polymer named poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) [1,2,3]. The chemical structure of PEEK can be defined as an alternating combination of aryl rings through ketone and ether groups; it belongs to the family of polyaryletherketone polymers. PEEK is close to the elastic modulus of the bones and is about 3.6 GPa, which is an unquestionable advantage of this material over ceramic or pure steel implants [4]. The synthetic process of obtaining PEEK material is based on the dialkylation of bisphenolate salts, which results in a chemically resistant, non-biodegradable product. Since the United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) certified PEEK as a suitable bone implant material in the 1990s, the application potential of the material in the orthopedic engineering is constantly increasing [7]

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Conclusion