Abstract
Significant progress was achieved presently in the development of metallic foam-like materials improved by biocompatible coatings. Material properties of the iron, magnesium, zinc, and their alloys are promising for their uses in medical applications, especially for orthopedic and bone tissue purposes. Current processing technologies and a variety of modifications of the surface and composition facilitate the design of adjusted medical devices with desirable mechanical, morphological, and functional properties. This article reviews the recent progress in the design of advanced degradable metallic biomaterials perfected by different coatings: polymer, inorganic ceramic, and metallic. Appropriate coating of metallic foams could improve the biocompatibility, osteogenesis, and bone tissue-bonding properties. In this paper, a comprehensive review of different coating types used for the enhancement of one or several properties of biodegradable porous implants is given. An outline of the conventional preparation methods of metallic foams and a brief overview of different alloys for medical applications are also provided. In addition, current challenges and future research directions of processing and surface modifications of biodegradable metallic foams for medical applications are suggested.
Highlights
Over the past couple of decades, advancing technology has seriously affected the human population
polylactic acid (PLA) and polylactic acid/hydroxyapatite (PLA/HA) coatings were assessed determined between 300 and 800 μm, and the porosity was over 90%
The resulting bioceramic Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coating consisted of calcium phosphate compounds, the main elements of the bone structure, and it was observed that the values of the Young’s modulus of the elements of the bone structure, and it was observed that the values of the Young’s modulus of the prepared samples were suitable for bone tissue applications [106]
Summary
Over the past couple of decades, advancing technology has seriously affected the human population. Innovative degradable biomaterials have been proposed as a new kind of highly bioactive materials which enhance the desirable interactions between the biomaterials and physiological implantation sites [10] These devices can provide temporary support during tissue recovery for a certain time given by the application area, and after a complete healing process, they degrade and are efficiently excreted by the body [2,4,5,6,8,10,12,18,19,20,21]. The development of a porous scaffold with appropriate biodegradability and mechanical properties matching these of the healing tissue is of great importance nowadays This process requires an interdisciplinary approach with cooperation between engineers and natural science researchers. Future challenges are oriented at the development of the new generation of smart scaffolds with possible drug delivery potential [48]
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