Abstract
Functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are of great interest due to wide range applications, especially in nanomedicine. However, they face challenges preventing their further applications such as rapid agglomeration, oxidation, etc. Appropriate surface modification of IONPs can conquer these barriers with improved physicochemical properties. This review summarizes recent advances in the surface modification of IONPs with small organic molecules, polymers and inorganic materials. The preparation methods, mechanisms and applications of surface-modified IONPs with different materials are discussed. Finally, the technical barriers of IONPs and their limitations in practical applications are pointed out, and the development trends and prospects are discussed.
Highlights
Magnetic nanoparticles is an emerging field of study and has gained much attention among researchers due to their widespread applications in various fields including catalysis [1], data storage [2], environmental remediation [3], magnetic fluids [4], electronic communication [5], and biomedicine [6] etc
Current studies and literature have confirmed that magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are frequently used in the treatment of hyperthermia [8,9,10] or as drug carriers in cancer treatment [11,12,13], magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) agents [14,15,16], bioseparation [17,18,19], gene delivery [20,21,22], biosensors [23,24,25], protein purification [26,27,28], immunoassays [29,30,31] and cell labeling [32,33,34]
Dextran is a polysaccharide with excellent biocompatibility as well as good water solubility and its coating onto the IONPs has an impact on their physicochemical properties
Summary
Magnetic nanoparticles is an emerging field of study and has gained much attention among researchers due to their widespread applications in various fields including catalysis [1], data storage [2], environmental remediation [3], magnetic fluids [4], electronic communication [5], and biomedicine [6] etc. Among different types of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are the most popular and widely used in the field of biomedicine due to their ease of surface modification, synthesis, and low toxicity [7]. Functionalization of magnetic IONPs can improve their physicochemical properties, making them ideal candidates for the field of catalysis and biomedicine. Different characteristics such as size, shape, morphology and dispersability of the IONPs can affect their application in biomedicine [37,38]. First we briefly describe the factors influencing why surface modification of MNPs is essentially required, and introduce the structures of magnetic iron oxide nanocomposites. 2. Surface Modification of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (IONPs) and Applications.
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