Surface Modification of Biodegradable Mg-Based Scaffolds for Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation.

Si-Han Wang,Chun-Min Lo,Chung-Wei Yang,Shiao-Pieng Lee

doi:10.3390/ma14020441

Abstract

Magnesium alloys with coatings have the potential to be used for bone substitute alternatives since their mechanical properties are close to those of human bone. However, the surface modification of magnesium alloys to increase the surface biocompatibility and reduce the degradation rate remains a challenge. Here, FHA-Mg scaffolds were made of magnesium alloys and coated with fluorohydroxyapatite (FHA). Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured on FHA-Mg scaffolds and cell viability, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation were investigated. The results showed that FHA-Mg scaffolds display a nano-scaled needle-like structure of aggregated crystallites on their surface. The average Mg2+ concentration in the conditioned media collected from FHA-Mg scaffolds (5.8–7.6 mM) is much lower than those collected from uncoated, Mg(OH)2-coated, and hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated samples (32.1, 17.7, and 21.1 mM, respectively). In addition, compared with hMSCs cultured on a culture dish, cells cultured on FHA-Mg scaffolds demonstrated better proliferation and comparable osteogenic differentiation. To eliminate the effect of osteogenic induction medium, hMSCs were cultured on FHA-Mg scaffolds in culture medium and an approximate 66% increase in osteogenic differentiation was observed three weeks later, indicating a significant effect of the nanostructured surface of FHA-Mg scaffolds on hMSC behaviors. With controllable Mg2+ release and favorable mechanical properties, porous FHA-Mg scaffolds have a great potential in cell-based bone regeneration.

Highlights

Introduction published maps and institutional affilAutologous bone grafting is a common approach to replace missing bone or to repair bone fractures
In order to investigate if Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) can survive in the chemical environment of degradation products, we examined the viability of hMSCs cultured in conditioned media A–J
Related research indicated that the Mg-based scaffold with a calcium phosphate (CaP) surface coating has low porosity [16], and its pore size is accessible for tissue engineering because the average diameter of hMSCs is about 18–30 μm

Summary

Introduction

Autologous bone grafting is a common approach to replace missing bone or to repair bone fractures. The clinical use of autologous bone grafting is constrained by size limitations and donor site morbidity. Artificial bone tissue is desired to be used as a permanent implantation [1]. Bone tissue engineering involves the use of cells, biochemical factors, and scaffolds to provide the structure to support recovery and regeneration time [2,3]. In the use of orthopedic implants, Mg and its alloys have caught our attention because they are biodegradable and can enhance new bone formation while maintaining desired mechanical properties during bone recovery [4,5]. The Young’s moduli of Mg-based alloys (41–45 GPa) are comparable to those of human bone (10–40 GPa) when compared with the Young’s moduli of commercially used

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Discussion

Conclusion